{"id":91794,"date":"2026-02-11T12:16:21","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T12:16:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/link4skills.eu\/?p=91794"},"modified":"2026-02-11T21:22:14","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T21:22:14","slug":"skill-gaps-between-natives-and-immigrants-in-europe-evidence-from-two-cycles-of-piaac-survey-international-institute-for-applied-systems-analysis-iiasa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/link4skills.eu\/index.php\/2026\/02\/11\/skill-gaps-between-natives-and-immigrants-in-europe-evidence-from-two-cycles-of-piaac-survey-international-institute-for-applied-systems-analysis-iiasa\/","title":{"rendered":"Skill gaps – natives & immigrants in Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Skill gaps – natives & immigrants in Europe<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t<\/i>Prev<\/span><\/span>Survey Handbook<\/span><\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Descriptive Summary:<\/p>

Skill gaps between natives and immigrants in Europe: new evidence from two PIAAC cycles<\/b><\/b><\/p>

How persistent are skill gaps between immigrants and natives in Europe – and are they narrowing across generations? This new Link4Skills working paper analyses literacy and numeracy outcomes across eight European destination countries using data from both Cycle 1 (2011\u201312) and Cycle 2 (2022\u201323) of the OECD\u2019s PIAAC survey.<\/p>

The study confirms a measurable immigrant disadvantage in foundational skills, particularly among first-generation migrants. However, it also finds evidence of convergence among second-generation immigrants, whose outcomes tend to move closer to those of natives. The size and direction of gaps vary by country, skill domain, educational background, and language proficiency.<\/p>

By examining temporal change and generational dynamics together, the paper addresses an important research gap. Its findings contribute to a more precise understanding of how human capital is formed, transferred, and utilized – and provide evidence relevant to migration, education, and labour market policy across Europe.<\/p>

Link to IIASA web publication<\/a> (external)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Descriptive Summary: Skill gaps between natives and immigrants in Europe: new evidence from two PIAAC cycles How persistent are skill gaps between immigrants and natives in Europe – and are…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":91813,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[137],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reports"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/link4skills.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91794","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/link4skills.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/link4skills.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/link4skills.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/link4skills.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91794"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/link4skills.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91794\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":91814,"href":"https:\/\/link4skills.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91794\/revisions\/91814"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/link4skills.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/91813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/link4skills.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/link4skills.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/link4skills.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}